This is the period of the Iron Age Villanovan culture, considered to be the earliest phase of Etruscan civilization, which itself developed from the previous late Bronze Age Proto-Villanovan culture in the same region. The earliest evidence of a culture that is identifiably Etruscan dates from about 900 BC. After conquering adjacent lands, its territory covered at its greatest extent, roughly what is now Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Lazio, as well as what are now the Po Valley, Emilia-Romagna, south-eastern Lombardy, southern Veneto, and western Campania. The Etruscan civilization was developed by a people of Etruria in ancient Italy with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states.
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